Financial New Year's Resolutions

Okay. It’s that time of year - the time for new year’s resolutions. They can include financial resolutions. Here are some possibilities for 2010.

Control non-mortgage debt. Experian says the average American carries about $17,000 in debt unrelated to home loans. Too much of this is simply credit card debt. So how about paying down, paying off and maybe getting rid of some cards?

How much financial ground can you lose to plastic? Well, if you have a credit card with a $17,000 balance and 10% APR and you pay $200 monthly on it, it will take you 12 years to pay it off.

You may have so-called “good debts” as a consequence of your business or your professional career. Yet ultimately, debt is debt. You can certainly plan to build wealth and control debt at the same time, and why not plan to do both?

Play catch-up if you’re older than 50. All of us over 50 have the chance to make a catch-up contribution to our IRAs and 401(k)s. If you have a 401(k), you can defer up to $22,000 of your 2010 salary into it if you’re over 50 (an extra $5,500 above the usual limit). You also have the chance to contribute an extra $1,000 to your IRA (or among multiple IRAs if you have more than one). And if you’ve got an IRA, there’s no point in waiting until April 15, 2011 to make your 2010 contribution – if you wait that long, you’ll potentially lose 15 months of interest.

Look into the possibility of a Roth IRA conversion. 2010 presents investors with a prime opportunity to convert traditional IRAs into Roths. The IRS has removed the income limitations on Roth conversions this year, and it will let you spread the taxes due on a 2010 Roth conversion across 2011 and 2012. However, you should definitely talk to a tax professional before you make this move. As income tax rates could be raised for 2011 or 2012, you may want to take the tax hit on a Roth conversion in 2010 instead.

Keep important documents where you can access them. Tax returns, wills, trust documents, deeds, insurance policies – you don’t want to have to hunt for this stuff, and neither should your heirs in a crisis. You may not want to keep these documents out in the open, but you should know where they are. Resolve to put them all together in a central place in 2010. Another option: you may want to store copies online. Some financial advisors offer their clients firewall-protected, password-only “web vaults” for this purpose, so you can take a look at these items away from home if needed.

Understand how your portfolio assets are allocated. A new FINRA survey finds that 79% of Americans regularly contribute to retirement savings plans. That’s the good news. The bad news? About a fifth of those people had no idea how those assets were invested.

When stocks do well, it is easy to become less vigilant about your investments. It is also easy for your portfolio to get out of whack and become over weighted in this or that asset class. So the first part of 2010 is a very good time to check in with your financial advisor. After all the volatility in the market the last couple of years, it is prudent to review your investments and see if your portfolio needs rebalancing to bring it back in line with your risk tolerance and investment horizon.

More people abide by financial resolutions than you might think. In late 2009, Fidelity surveyed a group of about 1,000 Americans and found that 60% of them had kept financial resolutions they made at the start of the year. So it can be done. Resolve to change your financial habits for the better – and follow through on it.

Dollar Cost Averaging Explained

Are you investing inconsistently...or not at all? Inconsistent investment can sabotage your retirement savings efforts. There’s a way to avoid that problem: a strategy called Dollar Cost Averaging.

By investing equal dollar amounts on a regular monthly basis, you can plan to build wealth in a way you can afford today.

DCA to the rescue. Many people think they can’t afford to invest – their budgets won’t allow them to do so. DCA makes it easier. Arranging a monthly salary deferral of even $100 into your 401(k), for example, can help you plan to build wealth in a tax-advantaged way.

Remember, you won’t retire on the dollars you put aside today for retirement; you’ll retire on the assets accumulated from those early dollars as a result of investment and compounding. Most retirement accounts feature tax-deferred contributions and tax-deferred growth – why should you wait to take consistent advantage of that?

Look at it this way: you can't make retroactive contributions to a 401(k), so each dollar you didn’t contribute last year is an opportunity you've lost forever. Not to mention the opportunity for tax-deferred growth of those assets.

That’s one compelling reason to adopt the DCA approach.

Additionally, DCA ensures a constant flow of new money into the retirement account. That factor alone may help you exploit current market conditions.

The DCA strategy is designed to lower cost per share. When you practice Dollar Cost Averaging, you buy more shares when prices are low and fewer shares when prices are high. So with time, you end up with a lower overall cost for shares purchased.

In last year’s market downturn, there were some great buys – quality companies whose share prices had fallen to amazing lows. Through DCA, investors had a way to exploit this buying opportunity and pick up more shares. For example, on February 20, 2009, you could have picked up 107 shares of General Electric for $1,000. A year earlier, the same $1K would have bought you 29 shares.

In the downturn, the DCA strategy by no means guaranteed a great return in the future – but it did offer investors a chance to position their assets for the market rebound. And boy, has the market rebounded!

Speaking of market downturns and rebounds, Ibbotson Associates did some research and found that a hypothetical investor who would have invested $100 a month in Wall Street for 30 years starting in September 1929 would have seen that total investment of $36,000 grow into a $411,000 nest egg by September 1959. Yes, the crash of 1929 was an extraordinary circumstance – but didn’t the Great Recession feel pretty extraordinary to you? This is a good argument for DCA for the long-run stock market investor.

The DCA strategy makes sense for many. Right now, many Americans would be hard-pressed to come up with a lump sum of say, $4,000 or $10,000 to invest. DCA allows people to contribute equivalent amounts toward retirement savings a little at a time.

The really great thing about it is how “automatic” it all is. By arranging, say, regular salary deferrals into a employer-sponsored retirement plan or regular monthly contributions to an IRA, you can go out and live your life and simply get that quarterly statement showing your ongoing contributions to the account. It is “off your plate” but never neglected.

Are you saving for the future using a Dollar Cost Averaging method? Talk to a financial advisor today and see how convenient it can be for you. If you have any questions or concerns, please call me toll-free at 1-866-786-2521.

6 Steps To Get Out Of Debt

Every day, people draw on money they don’t actually have – via credit cards, payday loans, home equity lines of credit, and even their 401(k)s. Many of them end up making minimum payments on these high-interest loans – a sure way to stay indebted forever. If this is your situation, you may be wondering: how do I get out of debt?
Let me give you some ideas.

1) Make a budget. “Where does all the money go?” If you are asking that question, here is where you learn the answer. You might find that you’re spending $80 a month on energy drinks, or $100 a week on lousy movies. Cable, eating out, buying retail – costs like these can really eat at your finances. Set a budget, and you can stop frivolous expenses and redirect the money you save to pay down debt.

2) Get another job. I know, this doesn’t sound like fun. But having more money will aid you to reduce debt more quickly. A family member who isn’t working can work to help reduce a shared family problem.

3) Sell stuff. The Internet has proven that everything is worth something. Go to eBay, craigslist or Kijiji – you’ll be amazed at the market (and the asking prices) for this and that. What people collect, want and buy may surprise you. Don’t be surprised if you have a few hundred dollars – or more – sitting around your house or in your garage. You might be able to pay off a couple of credit cards – or even a loan – with what you sell.

4) Ditch the big car payment and drive a cheaper car that gets good MPG. Say goodbye to the monster SUV (or the overpriced sports coupe). Get a car that makes sense instead of a statement. Your wallet will thank you.

5) Pay off all debts smallest to largest. The benefits are psychological as well as financial. Knock off even a small debt, and you have an accomplishment to build on – encouragement to erase bigger debts. Also, every debt you have incurs its own interest charge. One less debt means one less interest charge you have to pay.

6) Or, pay off your highest-interest debts first. Take a minute to figure out which of your debts hits you with the highest interest rate. Pay the minimum amounts toward each of your other debts, and apply all the extra money you can toward paying off the debt with the highest interest. This will have a cumulative effect. Your highest-interest debt will become smaller, meaning you will be saving some dollars on interest charges on the balance because the balance is lower. If the balance is lower, you should be able to pay off the debt faster. When you say goodbye to that debt, you can start paying down the debt with the next highest interest, and so on.

Keep the real goal in mind. Building wealth, not reducing debt, should be your ultimate objective. Some debt reduction and debt consolidation planners obsess on getting you out of debt, but that is only half the story. Minimizing debt is great, but maximizing wealth is even better.

You can plan to build wealth and reduce debt at the same time. If you have a relationship with a financial advisor, you might be able to do it in the same unified process. Why just keep debt at bay when you can leave it behind? Do yourself a favor and talk with a good financial advisor who can show you ways toward financial freedom.

Money & Your Happiness

Does money actually buy a degree of happiness? In this recessionary holiday season, it is worth thinking about the effect money has on our lives. What role does money play in your happiness? Is that role overrated?

Most psychologists and sociologists will tell you that our happiness comes largely from social interaction. But studies indicate that there is a direct correlation between wealth and a kind of mental health.

As Pearl Bailey immortally quipped, “Honey, I been poor, and I been rich. And let me tell you, rich is better.” Having a well-paying job, being successful at what you do – these are definite cornerstones of self-esteem and contribute to happiness.

So is Warren Buffett happier than we are? The math is not quite that simple. American wealth grew remarkably in the late 20th century, but surveys found that Americans on average weren’t any happier than they’d been decades before.

A 2002 study by psychologists Edward Diener, Ph.D., and David Myers, Ph.D. documented greater happiness among residents of wealthy countries versus poor countries. But they found that once individuals in both types of nations gained the money to pay for basic creature comforts, happiness did not markedly increase along with wealth thereafter. A second 2002 survey by psychologist Tim Kasser, Ph.D., showed lower personal well-being in individuals who “bought into” messages of materialism and consumerism.

Does spending money make people happy? It depends on the purpose. Perhaps you’ve heard of the “hedonic treadmill” theory, an economic theory which holds that the middle-class and the affluent exhaust themselves and diminish their happiness through endless pursuit of the latest material goods. Americans are proudly competitive, and can’t help but measure their wealth in relation to their friends and neighbors. We have to have more than the next guy.

Does spending money on others make people happy? Yes, according to the results of a study published in March in Science Magazine. Researchers took a sample of 600 Americans. They instructed 46 to spend a $5 or $20 bill on a particular day. Some were told to spend the money on others, and the study found that they were happier at the end of the day than the ones who spent the money on themselves. The study also tracked 16 workers who got profit-sharing bonuses, and observed that employees who gave a majority of their bonus to others ended up happier than those who spent it on themselves. In fact, the main forecaster of happiness was not the size of the bonus, but how it was spent. The Science study also discovered that spending more money on gifts and charity correlated with increased happiness.

Are we ultimately only as happy as we want to be? Perhaps. Researchers now increasingly feel that people have a genetic “baseline” or “set point” of happiness, and deviations from this norm are temporary. In other words, how the stock market does doesn’t rattle our basic level of happiness. Even life-altering tragedies or seeming miracles don’t ultimately budge us much from the norm. (Studies of the brain indicate that people with more activity in their left prefrontal cortexes seem to be happier than some others.)

Recently, University of Virginia psychology professor Jonathan Haidt wrote a classically-rooted book called The Happiness Hypothesis. Haidt observed that within a year of their life-changing experiences, “lottery winners and paraplegics, have both, on average, returned most of the way to their baseline levels of happiness.” He feels that happiness can grow from “vital engagement” with other people and one’s passions, and from a spiritual and moral “coherence” in yourself and your life.

How about some Gross Domestic Happiness (GDH)? No joke: since 1972, the government of Bhutan has dedicated itself to boosting GDH, Gross Domestic Happiness, via a platform of equitable and sustainable economic growth, cultural preservation in the face of the West, good government, and environmentalism. Other nations have studied Bhutan’s example; in fact, conferences have been held on the concept in Bhutan, Mongolia and the Netherlands.

Wishing you a great Christmas and holiday season. May it be warm, wonderful, and bright; may 2010 be a year of great things for you. And may you know great happiness. Let’s vow to retain our optimism through the financial challenges ahead.

Year-End Financial Moves to Think About

Fall is the time to consider some year-end financial moves – little and not-so-little things you might do to plan to improve your financial position. Before 2009 ends, some things you might want to consider.

You could put more in your 401(k) before they play “Auld Lang Syne”. As you only get one chance to save for retirement and an annual deadline to make retirement plan contributions, you could increase your final retirement plan deferrals of 2009 to the maximum allowed by your plan, assuming your finances permit you to do so. Contributions to traditional IRAs and 401(k)s are usually made with pre-tax dollars and thereby could help you reduce your tax bill.

If you haven’t contributed to your IRA or Roth IRA for 2009, you have until April 15, 2010 to make that move. You can contribute up to $5,000 to an IRA (or spread up to $5,000 of contributions across multiple IRAs) for tax year 2009; those over age 50 may contribute up to $6,000 to their IRAs for 2009. If your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is into six figures, this may reduce or even prohibit Roth IRA contributions depending on your filing status.

You could try to harvest some losses. You might want to sell some losers to offset some winners (not every security was a winner this year) and counterbalance capital gains. Keep in mind that if you are in the 10% or 15% federal income tax bracket for 2009, you won’t have to pay capital gains tax – that break extends into the 2010 tax year as well. If you want to sell, sell carefully – you don’t want to generate so much income that you creep into a higher tax bracket.

You could try to pick up some tax credits. Are you thinking about buying a home? The up-to-$8,000 first-time homebuyer credit has been extended to the end of April and complemented by its new variant, the up-to-$6,500 credit for move-up buyers.

Remember, the phase-out limits on that credit just rose – they are now $125,000 for single filers, and $225,000 for joint filers. The home has to have a price tag of $800,000 or less and it must be your primary residence. A first-time homebuyer is defined as someone who hasn’t owned a home within the past three years; a move-up buyer is defined as a buyer who has lived in the same primary residence for a stretch of five consecutive years or longer.

How about some energy credits? If you make your principal residence more energy-efficient or purchase solar hot water heaters, geothermal heat pumps, wind turbines or other qualifying alternative energy equipment to heat or cool your home, you can qualify for a tax credit for up to 30% of the cost of the improvements. There is a maximum tax credit limit to $1,500 for improvements put in service in 2009.

Do you have sons or daughters in college? The Hope Credit has become the American Opportunity Tax Credit, a credit of up to $2,500 toward qualifying college expenses. Phase-outs kick in at $80,000 MAGI for single filers, $160,000 MAGI for joint filers. Additionally, you could contribute a little more to a 529 plan before the year ends.

Prepay some deductible expenses. If you are pretty sure you will be in the same tax bracket or a lower one in 2010, think about making a thirteenth payment on your home loan in 2009 to boost your mortgage interest deduction, or prepaying your property taxes if your financial situation lets you do so.

Spend that FSA money. Do you have a Flexible Savings Account for your healthcare expenses? Think about getting some new glasses or braces, or find some way to use that money – money you might lose after December 31, unless your employer allows you the extended-access option to your 2009 FSA funds (in which case you’ll still have to use them by March 15 of next year).

Sit down with your financial advisor for a portfolio review. See how (well) you’ve done this year. Think about next year, and what you might do as the economic recovery progresses. Discuss some of the different aspects of your financial situation. If you want a better understanding of where you are at financially, this is the chance to gain it.

Losey: House Passes Healthcare Reform Bill

A narrow victory for the President in one branch of Congress. The Affordable Health Care for America Act (H.R. 3962) passed 220-215 in the House of Representatives on the night of November 7, with 39 Democrats voting no and a lone Republican (Rep. Anh Cao of Louisiana) voting yes. While President Obama lauded passage of the House version of the bill as “historic” and “courageous”, it is still questionable whether any consensus reform bill will land on the President’s desk by the end of 2009.

A tough fight ahead in another. Right now, the Democratic caucus has the 60 votes needed in the Senate to get past a Republican filibuster. However, Sen. Joseph Lieberman (I-Connecticut) says he will readily break away and join the Republican filibuster if the Senate version of the bill includes a public option. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) says it will.

“The House bill is dead on arrival in the Senate,” in the opinion of Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC). In early November, Sen. Reid hinted that the Senate may take until 2010 to resolve the debate over the public option.

What the House approved. H.R. 3692 includes the public option in its effort to revamp and extend health care to more Americans. Under the bill, most Americans would need to have insurance coverage; subsidies would help the poor insure themselves. Medicaid would expand: for example, individuals with incomes of $16,245 or less and a family of four earning $33,075 or less would qualify. About 15 million more Americans would be eligible for Medicaid coverage. Big businesses would have to provide health insurance to their workers; small businesses would get federal subsidies to help them absorb the cost.

H.R. 3692 would create a new nationwide insurance market with private insurers competing with the federal government (the private insurers would be selling coverage that meets federally required benefit levels). Insurance companies have decried the public option, saying there is no way they could compete with Uncle Sam.

A key concession. Before H.R. 3692 was approved in the house, a controversial amendment to the bill was passed 238-194. Introduced by Rep. Bart Stupak (D-MI), Rep. Brad Ellsworth (D-IN) and other Democrats, the amendment would prohibit the use of federal monies for abortion services if the planned health reforms become law, except in cases of rape, incest or if the mother’s life is in danger.

Pro-choice voices are outraged, arguing that the amendment would virtually prohibit private insurance companies entering the new system to offer abortion coverage to women. Rep. Anthony Weiner (D-NY) pointed out to MSNBC that even if someone wants to purchase an insurance policy covering abortion after the proposed reforms, few if any private insurers might offer one. Rev. Patrick J. Mahoney, Director of the Christian Defense Coalition, hailed the amendment “the beginning of the end for Roe v. Wade.”

Little publicized, but notable. One of the provisions of the just-passed House bill would change the IRS treatment of healthcare benefits for same-sex couples. Essentially, these benefits are treated as taxable income today; if the health care reforms envisioned and approved by the House were to become law, those benefits would be provided to gay and lesbian couples tax-free. Rep. Jim McDermott (D-WA) proposed this change to “correct a longstanding injustice, end a blatant inequity in the tax code, and help make health care coverage more affordable for more Americans.” In another unpublicized wrinkle, anyone who owns or operates 20 or more vending machines would have to provide nutritional labels on said machines, and any chain restaurant with more than 20 locations in America would have to provide menu calorie counts.

Progress, or a morass? The House bill certainly faced stiff opposition, and many Capitol Hill watchers are wondering if the legislation will make it through the Senate. A consensus version of the bill might not emerge for weeks or even many months.

Extended Homebuyer Credits and Jobless Benefits

After unanimous passage in the Senate and a 403-12 passage in the House of Representatives, President Obama signed H.R. 3548 into law on November 6. The bill extends and expands a key tax credit for homebuyers while also offering more help for those out of work.

The $8,000 credit for “first-time” homebuyers continues. This tax break is now extended until May 1, 2010. If you have never owned a home or haven’t owned a home in the previous three years, you are considered a “first-time” buyer and therefore eligible for the credit (it is a credit of up to $8,000, by the way). You must sign your purchase agreement before May 1, 2010 and close the transaction before July 1, 2010 to qualify for this tax break.

The $6,500 tax break for move-up buyers. Okay, maybe you aren’t a “first-time” buyer. You may still qualify for this new real estate credit. Have you lived in your current home for more than five consecutive years? You may be eligible for a credit of up to $6,500 if you move out of that home and buy another. Again, you have to sign your purchase agreement before May 1 and close before July 1 to get the tax break.

Worth noting: BusinessWeek.com contacted Sen. Chris Dodd’s office (the Connecticut lawmaker chairs the Senate Banking Committee) and received word that move-up buyers can qualify for this $6,500 credit even if they have signed a purchase contract prior to November 6, provided the purchase closes before July 1.

Does everyone qualify for these credits? Not quite. They phase out for individuals with adjusted gross incomes of more than $125,000 a year and couples with AGI of more than $225,000 a year. (The old phase-outs respectively kicked in at $75,000 and $150,000. These higher phase-outs mean that the credit can now help an additional segment of the housing market.)

You can’t buy a vacation home and claim one of these credits – they only apply to principal residences. In fact, the home you buy has to have a sale price of $800,000 or lower.

What will this do for the economy? “Every economist will tell you we have to steady the housing market before the economy will turn around,” Sen. Dodd expressed on November 5. “We can't afford to let this tax credit expire now.” Respected Moodys.com economist Mark Zandi agrees, saying that “from a macroeconomic perspective, nothing is more important than stabilizing housing values.” Zandi thinks that the $8,000 credit has led to 400,000 additional home sales in 2009. On the other hand, Dean Baker, the co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy and Research, questions why the extension is necessary: “For the most part, you're just giving people money for something they would have done otherwise.” The Joint Committee on Taxation estimates that extending these credits into 2010 will cost $10.8 billion across the next decade.

An extension of unemployment benefits. H.R. 3548 – sponsored by Rep. James McDermott (D-WA) – additionally extends state jobless benefits by up to 20 weeks. This will happen as a result of another extension – an extension of the federal unemployment tax on employers until June 30, 2011.

If you are one of nearly two million Americans whose jobless benefits are set to run out at the end of 2009, this extension will help you. Your benefits will last at least another 14 weeks into the new year – in fact, they will last for another 20 weeks if you live in a state where the unemployment rate exceeds 8.5%. Have your unemployment checks already stopped? You may reapply for benefits.

A chance for companies to convert losses into cash. What? Really? Yes. There is one provision of the new legislation that many have overlooked: it widens the window of time on the net-operating loss carryback. It lets all businesses apply losses from either 2009 or 2008 to any five years prior to 2008. So business owners, by virtue of the new legislation, have the potential for an IRS refund on the taxes they paid for the five years prior to 2008. There are two asterisks here. One, refunds for taxes in the fifth year of the carry back shrink by 50%. Two, any business that received TARP funds can’t take advantage of this tax break.